Herpes

Herpes, also known as herpes simplex virus, is a viral infection that causes blisters and ulcers around the mouth and genitals, as well as other symptoms.

There are two main types of herpes virus:

• Herpes simplex virus 1: HSV-1 causes oral herpes (cold sores in and around the mouth) and sometimes affects the genitals.
• Herpes simplex virus 2: HSV-2 usually causes genital herpes.

What are the symptoms of herpes?

The first sign of herpes is usually an itching, burning or tingling feeling around the mouth or genitals, followed by blisters or sores forming.

Symptoms of oral herpes

Oral herpes causes blisters in or around the mouth and lips. These are also called cold sores. Blisters can also form on other areas of the face or on the tongue. They usually last for around 2 to 3 weeks before healing.

Symptoms of genital herpes

Blisters or sores can develop on the anus, buttocks, penis, or vagina. They can lead to painful urination and cause changes to normal vaginal discharge. Sores may take several weeks to heal and can recur frequently. Over time, symptoms tend to be less severe.

What causes herpes?

Herpes is caused by a virus. If the virus is on the skin, it easily passes to others through contact with moist skin (such as the mouth or genitals). It is most contagious when someone has symptoms that have not yet healed.

How is herpes diagnosed?

Your doctor will examine the sores and may take a sample for analysis. A blood test can identify antibodies for HSV if there are no sores present, which shows that you have been exposed to the virus.

How is herpes treated?

There isn’t a cure for herpes, but treatment can help to manage the symptoms and reduce the likelihood of an outbreak.

Your doctor may recommend things to do at home that can relieve the discomfort of herpes symptoms, including:

• Applying a wrapped ice pack
• Bathing in salt water
• Flushing clean water while urinating
• Taking pain relief
• Wearing loose clothing.

There is no medication to treat herpes, but antivirals can stop the virus from spreading and reduce the severity and duration of symptoms.

How can herpes be prevented?

Herpes is contagious, so always avoid physical contact with your partner (kissing and intercourse) if symptoms are present.

For some, stress, illness, tiredness or exposure to the sun can also trigger symptoms. Understanding what triggers herpes symptoms can help to reduce the likelihood of an outbreak.

 

Look after your health, and that of your family.

The team at Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi’s Family Medicine Program are here to help, no matter your concern.

Learn More